Maghe Sankranti, also known as Makar Sankranti in India, marks the beginning of the auspicious month of Magh, usually falling on the first day of the month of Magh (mid-January). This festival celebrates the end of winter solstice and the beginning of longer, warmer days.
Significance
The festival marks the transition of the sun from the zodiac sign of Sagittarius (Dhanu) to Capricorn (Makar), symbolizing the end of the winter season. In agricultural communities, it represents a time of harvest and thanksgiving.
Community Celebrations
Tharu Community
For the Tharu people of the Terai region, Maghe Sankranti is one of the most important festivals of the year. It marks the beginning of the Tharu New Year and is celebrated with:
- Traditional dances like the Stick Dance (Lathi Nach)
- Community feasts with special dishes
- Renewal of community bonds and settling of debts
Magar Community
The Magar people celebrate this festival as a time for family reunions and traditional rituals honoring their ancestors.
Traditional Foods
Special foods prepared during Maghe Sankranti include:
- Ghee and Chaku: Clarified butter and molasses candy
- Til ko Laddu: Sesame seed sweet balls
- Sakhar Khanda: Sweet dishes made with molasses
- Yam and Sweet Potato: Roasted root vegetables
- Khichdi: A traditional rice and lentil dish
Rituals and Customs
- Holy Bath: Taking ritual baths in sacred rivers, especially at the confluence of rivers
- Giving Alms: Donating food, clothes, and money to the needy
- Kite Flying: Flying colorful kites to celebrate the changing season
- Sesame Seeds: Eating and donating items made with sesame seeds for good health
- Fire Gatherings: Community bonfires where people gather to celebrate
Regional Variations
While celebrated throughout Nepal, Maghe Sankranti holds special significance in the Terai plains and western hills, where it coincides with harvest festivals. Different communities add their unique cultural elements to the celebration.
Cultural Importance
Beyond the religious significance, Maghe Sankranti serves as an important cultural marker for indigenous and ethnic communities to preserve and celebrate their distinct traditions. It’s a time when scattered family members return home, strengthening community ties and passing traditions to younger generations.